01 - Preheat the oven to 320°F.
02 - Generously season the beef short ribs with salt and freshly ground black pepper.
03 - Heat olive oil over medium-high heat in a large Dutch oven or heavy-bottomed ovenproof pot. Sear short ribs on all sides until deeply browned, about 8 minutes; then remove and set aside.
04 - Reduce heat to medium and add diced onion, carrots, and celery. Sauté for 5 minutes until softened.
05 - Stir in minced garlic and tomato paste, cooking for an additional 2 minutes.
06 - Pour in dry red wine, scraping up browned bits from the bottom. Let simmer for 3 minutes.
07 - Add beef stock, bay leaves, fresh thyme, and rosemary. Return the short ribs with any accumulated juices to the pot, ensuring they are mostly submerged.
08 - Bring to a gentle simmer, cover, and transfer to the preheated oven. Cook for 3 hours until meat is tender and falls off the bone.
09 - Skim excess fat from the surface; optionally, remove ribs and reduce sauce over medium heat until thickened.
10 - In a large saucepan, bring water or stock to a boil. Gradually whisk in polenta, then reduce heat to low and cook stirring frequently for 30 to 40 minutes until thick and creamy.
11 - Stir butter and grated Parmesan cheese into the polenta. Season with salt and freshly ground black pepper to taste.
12 - Spoon creamy polenta onto plates, top with short ribs and sauce. Garnish with fresh herbs if desired.